Starting the Adoption Process

Adoption Requirements by Adoption Type

Updated June 29, 2026 Last reviewed June 29, 2026 AdoptionCenter

Compare common requirements for domestic infant, foster care, international, relative, and stepparent adoption.

Adoption requirements vary by state, agency, adoption type, and—in international adoption—the child’s country of origin and U.S. immigration law. Common requirements include background checks, a home study, financial stability, health information, training, and court approval.

Key takeaways

Common documentation

Domestic infant adoption

Applicants usually need an approved home study, background checks, education, financial review, and post-placement supervision.

Agency policies may be more restrictive than minimum state law.

Foster care adoption

Families may need foster or adoptive approval, state training, a home inspection, references, and preparation for trauma, grief, reunification, and birth-family relationships.

International adoption

Requirements may come from the state, USCIS, the Hague process, the sending country, and the provider.

Country rules may address age, marriage duration, health, family size, income, criminal history, religion, and other factors.

Relative adoption

Some states modify home-study requirements for relatives, but consent, background checks, notice, interstate approval, and court review may still apply.

Stepparent adoption

Common issues include consent of the legal parent, rights of the other parent, child consent, investigation, and permanent support obligations.

Age, marriage, income, and housing

Rules differ by state and program. Renters and single adults may qualify. Families generally must show stable housing and the ability to meet household needs.

Health and disability

A health condition or disability is not automatically disqualifying under every program. Parenting capacity, prognosis, support, and child needs matter.

Criminal history

Some offenses are disqualifying. Others may receive individual review. Full disclosure is essential.

Sources

  1. Who May Adopt — Child Welfare Information Gateway
  2. State Statutes Search
  3. Eligibility to Adopt — U.S. Department of State
  4. Country Information — U.S. Department of State

Editorial note

Confirm current requirements with the applicable state, court, agency, USCIS, and foreign authority.

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